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Startups & Ventures

The products, people and decisions behind technology businesses.

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Diagram of a convertible note card and a SAFE card, each with arrows leading into a block of preferred shares from a priced round
Convertible notes ·

Convertible Note vs SAFE: Interest, Maturity and Conversion

A note is a loan that can become shares; a SAFE promises shares later. What interest and a maturity date change.

Eligible share certificates remain on the left while selected shares move toward an offer envelope under a sale limit.
Tender offers ·

Tender Offers for Employees: Shares, Limits and Cash

Check eligible shares, sale limits and deductions before treating an employee offer as cash.

Share certificates on descending wooden blocks beside an orange pencil on warm paper.
Startups ·

Down Round Explained: Price, Dilution and Options

See how a lower share price changes ownership, investor rights and employee options.

An open cash drawer and a mechanical timer on a cream tabletop.
Startup runway ·

Startup Runway Calculation: Burn Rate and Cash

Calculate startup runway from cash and net burn, with worked numbers and a check for uneven payments.

Four lidded jars on a shelf, the first full of orange, the second partly filled and two empty, beside an hourglass and a small key
Stock options ·

Employee Stock Options Vesting: Cliff, Strike and Window

How the strike price, vesting cliff and exercise window decide what an option grant is worth, with worked numbers.

A round cake on a stand with one orange slice marked, and a server lifting an extra orange sliver beside it
Pro rata rights ·

Pro Rata Rights Explained: What Early Investors Keep

How a pro rata right lets an investor keep its stake in the next round, with worked numbers.

Liquidation preference ·

Liquidation Preference Explained, With Worked Numbers

Who is paid first when a startup is sold, worked through 1x, 2x and participating terms at four exit prices.

Document and cap line representing SAFE conversion
SAFE ·

SAFE valuation cap explained: conversion and dilution

A SAFE valuation cap affects conversion. It is not the company's current valuation or guaranteed ownership.

Editorial diagram: How Funding Changes a Software Product
Bootstrapping ·

How Funding Changes a Software Product

Customer cash and outside investment create different room to hire, price and wait for growth.

About this desk

A funding announcement can explain what resources a company has raised and what it plans to build. It rarely explains the whole business. This desk follows startups with attention to products, customer needs and the economics of delivering a service.

Start with what a funding round does not tell you. For AI companies, our revenue-per-user explainer shows why the cost of a heavy user’s workload can change the picture.

We also look at the choices created by different financing models, including customer-funded growth and outside investment. Neither label guarantees good software. The more useful evidence is how a company supports its users, prices the service and makes product changes. News reports below preserve the distinction between disclosed figures, company ambitions and outcomes that still need to be observed.

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